铸造生产的工艺流程
发布时间：2021-12-20 15:18
<p style="margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;">铸造生产是一个复杂的多工序组合的工艺过程，它包括以下主要工序：<br/></p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;">1）生产工艺准备，根据要生产的零件图、生产批量和交货期限，制定生产工艺方案和工艺文件，绘制铸造工艺图；</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> </p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"><a href="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/00e93901213fb80e9935cdd735d12f2eb83894ce" target="_blank" title="点击查看大图" class="ikqb_img_alink" style="color: rgb(63, 136, 191); text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block; position: relative; margin-left: 352.5px; transform: translate(-50%, 0px); vertical-align: bottom;"><img class="ikqb_img" src="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/00e93901213fb80e9935cdd735d12f2eb83894ce?x-bce-process%3Dimage%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_jpg"/></a></p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;">2）生产准备，包括准备熔化用材料、造型制芯用材料和模样、芯盒、砂箱等工艺装备；<br/>3）造型与制芯；<br/>4）熔化与浇注；<br/>5）落砂清理与铸件检验等主要工序。</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 成形原理</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 铸造生产是将金属加热熔化，使其具有流动性，然后浇入到具有一定形状的铸型型腔中，在重力或外力（压力、离心力、电磁力等）的作用下充满型腔，冷却并凝固成铸件（或零件）的一种金属成形方法。</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> </p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"><a href="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/472309f790529822d31296c3d4ca7bcb0a46d489" target="_blank" title="点击查看大图" class="ikqb_img_alink" style="color: rgb(63, 136, 191); text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block; position: relative; margin-left: 352.5px; transform: translate(-50%, 0px); vertical-align: bottom;"><img class="ikqb_img" src="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/472309f790529822d31296c3d4ca7bcb0a46d489?x-bce-process%3Dimage%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_jpg"/></a></p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;">图1 铸造成形过程</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> </p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 铸件一般作为毛坯经切削加工成为零件。但也有许多铸件无需切削加工就能满足零件的设计精度和表面粗糙度要求，直接作为零件使用。</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 型砂的性能及组成</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 1、 型砂的性能</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 型砂（含芯砂）的主要性能要求有强度、透气性、耐火度、退让性、流动性、紧实率和溃散性等。</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 2、 型砂的组成</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 型砂由原砂、粘接剂和附加物组成。铸造用原砂要求含泥量少、颗粒均匀、形状为圆形和多角形的海砂、河砂或山砂等。铸造用粘接剂有粘土（普通粘土和膨润土）、水玻璃砂、树脂、合脂油和植物油等，分别称为粘土砂，水玻璃砂、树脂砂、合脂油砂和植物油砂等。为了进一步提高型（芯）砂的某些性能，往往要在型（芯）砂中加入一些附加物，如煤粉、锯末、纸浆等。型砂结构，如图2所示。</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> </p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"><a href="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/377adab44aed2e73f887292c8401a18b87d6fa40" target="_blank" title="点击查看大图" class="ikqb_img_alink" style="color: rgb(63, 136, 191); text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block; position: relative; margin-left: 352.5px; transform: translate(-50%, 0px); vertical-align: bottom;"><img class="ikqb_img" src="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/377adab44aed2e73f887292c8401a18b87d6fa40?x-bce-process%3Dimage%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_jpg"/></a></p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> </p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; text-indent: 0em;">图2 型砂结构示意图</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 工艺特点</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 铸造是生产零件毛坯的主要方法之一，尤其对于有些脆性金属或合金材料（如各种铸铁件、有色合金铸件等）的零件毛坯，铸造几乎是唯一的加工方法。与其它加工方法相比，铸造工艺具有以下特点：</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 1）铸件可以不受金属材料、尺寸大小和重量的限制。铸件材料可以是各种铸铁、铸钢、铝合金、铜合金、镁合金、钛合金、锌合金和各种特殊合金材料；铸件可以小至几克，大到数百吨；铸件壁厚可以从0．5毫米到1米左右；铸件长度可以从几毫米到十几米。</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 2）铸造可以生产各种形状复杂的毛坯，特别适用于生产具有复杂内腔的零件毛坯，如各种箱体、缸体、叶片、叶轮等。</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 3）铸件的形状和大小可以与零件很接近，既节约金属材料，又省切削加工工时。</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 4）铸件一般使用的原材料来源广、铸件成本低。</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 5）铸造工艺灵活，生产率高，既可以手工生产，也可以机械化生产。</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> </p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 铸件的手工造型</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 手工造型的主要方法</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 砂型铸造分为手工造型（制芯）和机器造型（制芯）。手工造型是指造型和制芯的主要工作均由手工完成；机器造型是指主要的造型工作，包括填砂、紧实、起模、合箱等由造型机完成。泊头铸造工量具友介绍手工造型的主要方法：</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 手工造型因其操作灵活、适应性强，工艺装备简单，无需造型设备等特点，被广泛应用于单件小批量生产。但手工造型生产率低，劳动强度较大。手工造型的方法很多，常用的有以下几种：</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 1． 整模造型</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 对于形状简单，端部为平面且又是最大截面的铸件应采用整模造型。整模造型操作简便，造型时整个模样全部置于一个砂箱内，不会出现错箱缺陷。整模造型适用于形状简单、最大截面在端部的铸件，如齿轮坯、轴承座、罩、壳等。</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"><a href="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/e61190ef76c6a7ef21130726fefaaf51f3de66fd" target="_blank" title="点击查看大图" class="ikqb_img_alink" style="color: rgb(63, 136, 191); text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block; position: relative; margin-left: 352.5px; transform: translate(-50%, 0px); vertical-align: bottom;"><img class="ikqb_img" src="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/e61190ef76c6a7ef21130726fefaaf51f3de66fd?x-bce-process%3Dimage%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_jpg" width="554" height="323"/></a></p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;">整模造型</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 2．分模造型</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 当铸件的最大截面不在铸件的端部时，为了便于造型和起模，模样要分成两半或几部分，这种造型称为分模造型。当铸件的最大截面在铸件的中间时，应采用两箱分模造型（图3），模样从最大截面处分为两半部分（用销钉定位）。造型时模样分别置于上、下砂箱中，分模面（模样与模样间的接合面）与分型面（砂型与砂型间的接合面）位置相重合。两箱分模造型广泛用于形状比较复杂的铸件生产，如水管、轴套、阀体等有孔铸件。</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"><a href="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/55e736d12f2eb9387d8fd5f2d6628535e4dd6fd4" target="_blank" title="点击查看大图" class="ikqb_img_alink" style="color: rgb(63, 136, 191); text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block; position: relative; margin-left: 352.5px; transform: translate(-50%, 0px); vertical-align: bottom;"><img class="ikqb_img" src="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/55e736d12f2eb9387d8fd5f2d6628535e4dd6fd4?x-bce-process%3Dimage%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_jpg"/></a></p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;">套管的分模两箱造型过程</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 铸件形状为两端截面大、中间截面小，如带轮、槽轮、车床四方刀架等，为保证顺利起模，应采用三箱分模造型。此时分模面应选在模样的最小截面处，而分型面仍选在铸件两端的最大截面处，由于三箱造型有两个分型面，降低了铸件高度方向的尺寸精度，增加了分型面处飞边毛刺的清整工作量，操作较复杂，生产率较低，不适用于机器造型，因此，三箱造型仅用于形状复杂、不能用两箱造型的铸件生产。</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"><a href="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/6159252dd42a2834820a990b58b5c9ea15cebf06" target="_blank" title="点击查看大图" class="ikqb_img_alink" style="text-align: center; color: rgb(63, 136, 191); text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block; position: relative; margin-left: 352.5px; transform: translate(-50%, 0px); vertical-align: bottom;"><img class="ikqb_img" src="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/6159252dd42a2834820a990b58b5c9ea15cebf06?x-bce-process%3Dimage%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_jpg" width="265" height="233"/></a></p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"><a href="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/7e3e6709c93d70cf1953050dfbdcd100baa12b00" target="_blank" title="点击查看大图" class="ikqb_img_alink" style="color: rgb(63, 136, 191); text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block; position: relative; margin-left: 352.5px; transform: translate(-50%, 0px); vertical-align: bottom;"><img class="ikqb_img" src="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/7e3e6709c93d70cf1953050dfbdcd100baa12b00?x-bce-process%3Dimage%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_jpg" width="250" height="231"/></a></p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"><a href="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/0823dd54564e9258d6b729ee9f82d158ccbf4e2a" target="_blank" title="点击查看大图" class="ikqb_img_alink" style="color: rgb(63, 136, 191); text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block; position: relative; margin-left: 352.5px; transform: translate(-50%, 0px); vertical-align: bottom;"><img class="ikqb_img" src="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/0823dd54564e9258d6b729ee9f82d158ccbf4e2a?x-bce-process%3Dimage%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_jpg"/></a></p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 三箱分模造型举例</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 3．活块模造型</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 铸件上妨碍起模的部分（如凸台、筋条等）做成活块，用销子或燕尾结构使活块与模样主体形成可拆连接。起模时先取出模样主体，活块模仍留在铸型中，起模后再从侧面取出活块的造型方法称为活块模造型。活块模造型主要用于带有突出部分而妨碍起模的铸件、单件小批量、手工造型的场合。如果这类铸件批量大，需要机器造型时，可以用砂芯形成妨碍起模的那部分轮廓。</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"><a href="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/3b87e950352ac65cd3c4c973f8f2b21192138ae9" target="_blank" title="点击查看大图" class="ikqb_img_alink" style="color: rgb(63, 136, 191); text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block; position: relative; margin-left: 352.5px; transform: translate(-50%, 0px); vertical-align: bottom;"><img class="ikqb_img" src="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/3b87e950352ac65cd3c4c973f8f2b21192138ae9?x-bce-process%3Dimage%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_jpg"/></a></p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"><a href="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/50da81cb39dbb6fd6c984a260a24ab18962b37ea" target="_blank" title="点击查看大图" class="ikqb_img_alink" style="color: rgb(63, 136, 191); text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block; position: relative; margin-left: 352.5px; transform: translate(-50%, 0px); vertical-align: bottom;"><img class="ikqb_img" src="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/50da81cb39dbb6fd6c984a260a24ab18962b37ea?x-bce-process%3Dimage%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_jpg"/></a></p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"><a href="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/b3119313b07eca80afc796e7922397dda04483f4" target="_blank" title="点击查看大图" class="ikqb_img_alink" style="color: rgb(63, 136, 191); text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block; position: relative; margin-left: 352.5px; transform: translate(-50%, 0px); vertical-align: bottom;"><img class="ikqb_img" src="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/b3119313b07eca80afc796e7922397dda04483f4?x-bce-process%3Dimage%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_jpg"/></a></p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"><a href="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/d788d43f8794a4c24e09492b0df41bd5ad6e3983" target="_blank" title="点击查看大图" class="ikqb_img_alink" style="color: rgb(63, 136, 191); text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block; position: relative; margin-left: 352.5px; transform: translate(-50%, 0px); vertical-align: bottom;"><img class="ikqb_img" src="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/d788d43f8794a4c24e09492b0df41bd5ad6e3983?x-bce-process%3Dimage%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_jpg" width="510" height="206"/></a></p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: center;"> 角铁的活块模造型工艺过程</span></p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 4．挖砂造型</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 当铸件的外部轮廓为曲面（如手轮等）其最大截面不在端部，且模样又不宜分成两半时，应将模样做成整体，造型时挖掉妨碍取出模样的那部分型砂，这种造型方法称为挖砂造型。挖砂造型的分型面为曲面，造型时为了保证顺利起模，必须把砂挖到模样最大截面处（图6）。由于是手工挖砂，操作技术要求高，生产效率低，只适用于单件、小批量生产。</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> </p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"><a href="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/0df431adcbef76099d2a379f2ddda3cc7cd99e89" target="_blank" title="点击查看大图" class="ikqb_img_alink" style="color: rgb(63, 136, 191); text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block; position: relative; margin-left: 352.5px; transform: translate(-50%, 0px); vertical-align: bottom;"><img class="ikqb_img" src="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/0df431adcbef76099d2a379f2ddda3cc7cd99e89?x-bce-process%3Dimage%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_jpg"/></a></p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;">手轮的挖砂造型的工艺过程</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 手工制芯</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 型芯用来形成铸件内部空腔或局部外形。由于型芯的表面被高温金属液包围，长时间受到浮力作用和高温金属液的烘烤作用；铸件冷却凝固时，砂芯往往会阻碍铸件自由收缩；砂芯清理也比较困难。因此造芯用的芯砂要比型砂具有更高的强度、透气性、耐高温性、退让性和溃散性。</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 手工制芯由于无需制芯设备，工艺装备简单，应用得很普遍。根据砂芯的大小和复杂程度，手工制芯用芯盒有整体式芯盒、对开式芯盒和可拆式芯盒。</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"><a href="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/d058ccbf6c81800a1485270eb23533fa828b4749" target="_blank" title="点击查看大图" class="ikqb_img_alink" style="color: rgb(63, 136, 191); text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block; position: relative; margin-left: 352.5px; transform: translate(-50%, 0px); vertical-align: bottom;"><img class="ikqb_img" src="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/d058ccbf6c81800a1485270eb23533fa828b4749?x-bce-process%3Dimage%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_jpg"/></a></p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;">芯盒制芯示意图</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 零件、模样、芯盒与铸件的关系</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 模样用来形成铸件的外部轮廓，芯盒用来制作砂芯，形成铸件的内部轮廓。造型时分别用模样和芯盒制作铸型和型芯。图1 分别表示零件、模样、芯盒和铸件的关系。制造模样和芯盒所选用的材料，与铸件大小、生产规模和造型方法有关。单件小批量生产、手工造型时常用木材制作模样和芯盒，大批量生产、机器造型时常用金属材料（如铝合金、铸铁等）或硬塑料制作模样和芯盒。</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"><a href="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/54fbb2fb43166d22d5cfbb94452309f79052d272" target="_blank" title="点击查看大图" class="ikqb_img_alink" style="color: rgb(63, 136, 191); text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block; position: relative; margin-left: 352.5px; transform: translate(-50%, 0px); vertical-align: bottom;"><img class="ikqb_img" src="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/54fbb2fb43166d22d5cfbb94452309f79052d272?x-bce-process%3Dimage%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_jpg"/></a></p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"><a href="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/4afbfbedab64034f2f786c06acc379310a551d7c" target="_blank" title="点击查看大图" class="ikqb_img_alink" style="color: rgb(63, 136, 191); text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block; position: relative; margin-left: 352.5px; transform: translate(-50%, 0px); vertical-align: bottom;"><img class="ikqb_img" src="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/4afbfbedab64034f2f786c06acc379310a551d7c?x-bce-process%3Dimage%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_jpg"/></a></p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"><a href="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/3801213fb80e7becb524ade12c2eb9389b506b30" target="_blank" title="点击查看大图" class="ikqb_img_alink" style="color: rgb(63, 136, 191); text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block; position: relative; margin-left: 352.5px; transform: translate(-50%, 0px); vertical-align: bottom;"><img class="ikqb_img" src="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/3801213fb80e7becb524ade12c2eb9389b506b30?x-bce-process%3Dimage%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_jpg"/></a></p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 零件、模样、芯盒与铸件的关系</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 铸造铸件常见缺陷分析</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 铸造工艺过程复杂，影响铸件质量的因素很多，往往由于原材料控制不严，工艺方案不合理，生产操作不当，管理制度不完善等原因，会使铸件产生各种铸造缺陷。常见的铸件缺陷名称、特征和产生的原因，见表。</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 常见铸件缺陷及产生原因</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"><a href="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/e824b899a9014c08109480a5097b02087bf4f407" target="_blank" title="点击查看大图" class="ikqb_img_alink" style="color: rgb(63, 136, 191); text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block; position: relative; margin-left: 352.5px; transform: translate(-50%, 0px); vertical-align: bottom;"><img class="ikqb_img" src="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/e824b899a9014c08109480a5097b02087bf4f407?x-bce-process%3Dimage%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_jpg"/></a></p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"><a href="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/8ad4b31c8701a18bf39eba4f9d2f07082838febd" target="_blank" title="点击查看大图" class="ikqb_img_alink" style="color: rgb(63, 136, 191); text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block; position: relative; margin-left: 352.5px; transform: translate(-50%, 0px); vertical-align: bottom;"><img class="ikqb_img" src="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/8ad4b31c8701a18bf39eba4f9d2f07082838febd?x-bce-process%3Dimage%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_jpg"/></a></p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> </p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 常见铸件缺陷及其预防措施</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"><a href="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/d009b3de9c82d158c433f1b1830a19d8bc3e4278" target="_blank" title="点击查看大图" class="ikqb_img_alink" style="color: rgb(63, 136, 191); text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block; position: relative; margin-left: 352.5px; transform: translate(-50%, 0px); vertical-align: bottom;"><img class="ikqb_img" src="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/d009b3de9c82d158c433f1b1830a19d8bc3e4278?x-bce-process%3Dimage%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_jpg"/></a></p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 铸造铸件金属液的浇注</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 生产中，浇注时应遵循高温出炉，低温浇注的原则。因为提高金属液的出炉温度有利于夹杂物的彻底熔化、熔渣上浮，便于清渣和除气，减少铸件的夹渣和气孔缺陷；采用较低的浇注温度，则有利于降低金属液中的气体溶解度、液态收缩量和高温金属液对型腔表面的烘烤，避免产生气孔、粘砂和缩孔等缺陷。因此，在保证充满铸型型腔的前提下，尽量采用较低的浇注温度。</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 把金属液从浇包注入铸型的操作过程称为浇注。浇注操作不当会引起浇不足、冷隔、气孔、缩孔和夹渣等铸造缺陷，和造成人身伤害。</p><p style="margin-top: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft YaHei", arial, 宋体, sans-serif, tahoma; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;"> 为确保铸件质量、提高生产率以及做到安全生产，浇注时应严格遵守下列操作要领：<br/>（1）浇包、浇注工具、炉前处理用的孕育剂、球化剂等使用前必须充分烘干，烘干后才能使用。<br/>（2）浇注人员必须按要求穿好工作服，并配戴防护眼镜，工作场地应通畅无阻。浇包内的金属液不宜过满，以免在输送和浇注时溢出伤人。<br/>（3）正确选择浇注速度，即开始时应缓慢浇注，便于对准浇口，减少熔融金属对砂型的冲击和利于气体排出；随后快速浇注，以防止冷隔；快要浇满前又应缓慢浇注，即遵循慢、快、慢的原则。<br/>（4）对于液态收缩和凝固收缩比较大的铸件，如中、大型铸钢件，浇注后要及时从浇口或冒口补浇。<br/>（5）浇注时应及时将铸型中冒出的气体点燃顺气，以免由于铸型憋气而产生气孔，以及由于气体的不完全燃烧而损害人体健康和污染空气。</p><p style="text-align: left;"><br/></p>
