宝珠砂与其它铸造用砂抗粘砂性能对比
发布时间：2021-12-17 10:24
<p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 2em; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); max-width: 100%; text-indent: 1.2em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">砂型铸造中，铸件粘砂一直是困扰铸造工作者的一种常见的铸造缺陷，不仅增加清理工作量、影响外观，严重时甚至引起铸件报废。</span></p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 2em; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); max-width: 100%; text-indent: 1.2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0em;">铸件粘砂，是铸型与液态金属界面相互作用（包括机械作用（静压力、动压力）、热作用、化学作用）的结果。一般可以分为热粘砂、化学粘砂和机械粘砂。其中机械粘砂（metal penetration）是熔融金属对铸型的渗入，最难清理，影响最为严重。</span></p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 2em; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); max-width: 100%; text-indent: 1.2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2;">上世纪末以来，人们开发了多种特种砂，普遍具有粒形近圆、耐火度高、颗粒强度高、粒度分布广等优点，如</span><span style="font-size: 16px; text-align: justify; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); line-height: 2; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">宝珠砂</span><span style="font-size: 16px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2;">、CB砂、火焰烧结合成球形砂、陶粒砂等，普遍报道具有良好的防粘砂作用。</span></p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 2em; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); max-width: 100%; text-indent: 1.2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Arial, sans-serif;">解决铸件粘砂的措施，一般是使用有效的涂料和改善原砂/铸型性能。最常见的防粘砂特种砂是铬铁矿砂，有较长的使用历史和良好的使用效果，但是由于比重大、粒形差、价格贵、较强碱性等原因，极少作为单一砂使用。</span></span></p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 2em; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); max-width: 100%; text-indent: 1.2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Arial, sans-serif;">实践是检验真理的唯一标准，只有经过试验分析才能更有说服力。有铸造工作者进行了试样浇注试验，用来对比几种常见人工砂的抗烧结、抗金属渗入的能力，即抗粘砂能力。</span></span></p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 2em; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); max-width: 100%; text-indent: 1.2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2;">试验采用图1 所示的圆盘形铸件，环形均布6个圆孔，使用不同原砂制作砂芯。浇口设置在圆盘中心，确保各个砂芯受热条件相同。砂芯表面涂刷一遍</span><span style="font-size: 16px; text-align: justify; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); line-height: 2; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">镁砂涂料</span><span style="font-size: 16px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2;">，火焰烘干后下芯浇注。分别称量了不同砂芯浇注后铸态和抛丸后散砂的重量，量化对比各种原砂砂芯的抗粘砂能力。</span></p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 2em; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑; text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); max-width: 100%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 16px; text-align: justify; line-height: 2;"><img src="http://file.site.zhuzaotoutiao.com/site/390/upload/member/100243/20210416/6375417769775278454840250.png" title="1618486290.png" alt="1618486290.png"/></span></p><p style="list-style: none; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 1.5em; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 128, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">铸 态</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 128, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></span></p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(98, 98, 98); line-height: 20px; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 255); font-size: 16px;">M1：宝珠砂，树脂0.9%； </span><br/></p><p style="list-style: none; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 1.5em; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); max-width: 100%;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 128, 255); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">M2：铬铁矿砂； </span></p><p style="list-style: none; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 1.5em; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); max-width: 100%;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 128, 255); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">M3、M4：陶粒砂A； </span></p><p style="list-style: none; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 1.5em; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); max-width: 100%;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 128, 255); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">M5、M6、M7、M8：陶粒砂B； </span></p><p style="list-style: none; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 1.5em; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); max-width: 100%;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 128, 255); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">M9：宝珠砂，树脂加入量1.5%； </span></p><p style="list-style: none; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 1.5em; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); max-width: 100%;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 128, 255); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">M10：Cerabeads； </span></p><p style="list-style: none; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 1.5em; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); max-width: 100%;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 128, 255); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">M11：火焰烧结合成球形砂； </span></p><p style="list-style: none; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 1.5em; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); max-width: 100%;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 128, 255); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">M12：硅砂。</span></p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(98, 98, 98); line-height: 20px; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 16px;"></span></p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(98, 98, 98); line-height: 20px; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); outline: none; text-align: center;"><img src="http://file.site.zhuzaotoutiao.com/site/390/upload/member/100243/20210416/6375417726969324364365660.png" alt=""/></p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(98, 98, 98); line-height: 20px; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); outline: none;"><br/></p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(98, 98, 98); line-height: 1.5em; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); outline: none; text-align: center;"><strong style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微软雅黑, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 127, 229);">抛丸后</span></strong></p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 1.5em; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); outline: none; text-align: justify; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 127, 229);"></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 112, 192);">M1：宝珠砂，树脂0.9%； </span></p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 1.5em; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); outline: none; text-align: center; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 112, 192);">M2：铬铁矿砂； </span></p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 1.5em; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); outline: none; text-align: justify; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 112, 192);">M3、M4：陶粒砂A； </span></p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 1.5em; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); outline: none; text-align: justify; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 112, 192);">M5、M6、M7、M8：陶粒砂B； </span></p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 1.5em; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); outline: none; text-align: justify; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 112, 192);">M9：宝珠砂，树脂加入量1.5%； </span></p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 1.5em; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); outline: none; text-align: justify; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 112, 192);">M10：Cerabeads； </span></p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 1.5em; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); outline: none; text-align: justify; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 112, 192);">M11：火焰烧结合成球形砂； </span></p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 1.5em; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); outline: none; text-align: justify; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 112, 192);">M12：硅砂。</span></p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 20px; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; max-width: 100%;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 127, 229);">图1 不同原砂砂芯浇注的圆盘试样</span></strong></p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 2em; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.2em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微软雅黑, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">试验后，对各种不同砂芯的抗粘砂能力进行了排序（见表1），结果是：</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(229, 51, 51);">铬铁矿砂的抗粘砂能力最好，接着是宝珠砂</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微软雅黑, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">、火焰烧结合成砂、CB砂、硅砂、陶粒砂等。试验还发现，</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(229, 51, 51);">较高强度的宝珠砂砂芯（24 kgf/cm2）比 较低强度的宝珠砂砂芯（14.2 kgf/cm2）的抗粘砂能力强很多，说明较高强度的砂芯有利于防止金属渗入。</span></span></p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 20px; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); outline: none; text-align: center; max-width: 100%;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 127, 229);">表1 圆盘试样浇注后砂芯抗粘砂能力评级</span></strong></p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(98, 98, 98); line-height: 20px; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 127, 229);"><img src="http://file.site.zhuzaotoutiao.com/site/390/upload/member/100243/20210416/6375417800953901502258301.png" title="1618488665.png" alt="1618488665.png"/></span></strong></p><p style="list-style: none; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(98, 98, 98); line-height: 2em; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> 通过进一步的分析讨论，发现：</p><p style="list-style: none; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(98, 98, 98); line-height: 2em; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="line-height: 2;"> 1、铬铁矿砂的防粘砂效果较好，但与其它球形人工砂的防粘砂机理不同，主要是通过受热烧结，形成“釉层”，清理后剥落来减少粘砂的。其它球形人工砂基本上不会烧结。</span></p><p style="list-style: none; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(98, 98, 98); line-height: 2em; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> 2、<span style="color: rgb(229, 51, 51);">宝珠砂较其它球形砂防粘砂性能好，得益于其耐火度更高、表面更光滑。</span></p><p style="list-style: none; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(98, 98, 98); line-height: 2em; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> 3、相对地，<span style="color: rgb(229, 51, 51);">原砂粒度越细，粒度分布越广，越利于减少粘砂。</span></p><p style="list-style: none; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(98, 98, 98); line-height: 2em; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> 4、<span style="color: rgb(229, 51, 51);">铸型（砂芯）越紧实、强度越高，越利于减轻粘砂，特别是机械粘砂。</span></p><p><br/></p>
