铸件的防锈与涂装
发布时间：2020-05-08 15:24
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">第一节 铸钢件和铸铁件的防锈涂装</strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; white-space: normal; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: left;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">铸件在清理和检验结束后，通常都应在非加工面或全部表面上涂以防锈漆。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.75em;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: left;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">一、常用涂装方法</strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: left;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">生产中常用的涂装方法、使用特点和应用范围见表11-6-1。<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.75em;"><br/></p><p><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWaZHn4VCJwfORcWI2AXHvGlpZZHRIkLKdtIIpcfK7mcp6OvScfy0ib4u24RChskkRlR661f7S2fiatAA/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWaZHn4VCJwfORcWI2AXHvGlpWcckRttuIP4cRI7Wf5EviasJtrtQdXH2PZYRRNqLFfHrf7eXCMJY5jQ/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></strong><br/></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY144; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1.</span>喷涂法：喷涂法是借助于压缩空气把漆液喷射到铸件表面上的一种涂装方法。</span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY144; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1</span>）喷涂装置和工具。喷涂装置主要由喷涂枪、压缩空气源、储气罐、橡胶管、喷涂 室、通风装置等构成。见图11-6-1。</span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWaZHn4VCJwfORcWI2AXHvGlpcDsfibtojLiaZJxcs0Ulpt5WaCyaFFjC5fIwiciadAQyVibMIJ7X9q9LgYg/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">喷涂枪的种类有上吸式、重力式、压送式和长杆式等多种类型。生产中常用的喷涂 枪规格见表11-6-2和表 <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY144; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">11-6-3</span>。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWaZHn4VCJwfORcWI2AXHvGlpmGYw5N2pR42Cotr7dr6yornu7Tfkz9zwxwYUhrkl3fBAqgmQf6EeoA/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><br/></section></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWaZHn4VCJwfORcWI2AXHvGlp8m3C5OR64dwMBnhymC9EbiaUkysyRrTIHJn6lC5SMibXXYHAmwdnEn7g/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY146; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span>）喷涂操作。喷涂前，漆液要用适当的稀释剂稀释并均匀搅拌至粘度适中，漆液中 如有粗糙凝聚的颜料颗粒，应采用孔径为Φ120-Φ140mm<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY146; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span>的铜丝筛或2-3<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY146; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span>层重叠的纱布进行过滤；铸件表面要用温度为80-90℃的清洗液（例如质量分数0.2%的亚硝酸钠水溶液）清洗 <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: DY146;">1-10min</span>，必要时还可用中和剂再洗涤一次，清洗后铸件表面应吹干或自然干燥。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">喷涂时，喷涂枪与铸件表面的距离应控制在150-200mm ，喷涂枪应垂直于铸件表面，并上下或左右匀速移动，移动速度不宜过快或过慢，通常为10-20m/min。每次喷涂不宜过厚，以免形成针孔、微皱等疵病。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">喷涂后，铸件可自干或烘干；喷涂枪须采用稀释剂清洗干净，但不允许将喷嘴等部件 分解清洗，否则会影响喷涂效果；如漆桶内有余漆，须加盖密封。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">喷涂时要注意劳动保护和防火，工作场地必须通风排气，使空气畅通并严禁点火和 抽烟，操作工应穿工作服，戴防护装置，面部和手部要涂防护油膏。操作时如感不适，应 立即离开工作场地。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">喷涂时喷涂枪的常见故障及处理方法见表11-6-4。</span></section><section><br/></section></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWaZHn4VCJwfORcWI2AXHvGlpJ4lxMJUpPl685jLZsZZXfwibf9Tc2cPY3PJxcmKIGmhOfOoByjWIk9w/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWaZHn4VCJwfORcWI2AXHvGlpvIl7HlicHsPbib95VAq2x5DR6B6VKQahttLfWSSY2kTokCrib33LJObUQ/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY148; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">( 2) </span>浸涂法：浸涂法是将铸件直接浸入漆液中粘挂一层漆膜的一种涂装方法。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY148; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1</span>）浸涂装置。浸涂装置主要由浸涂槽和浸涂吊钩组成，见图 <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY148; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">11-6-2</span>所示。成批大量生产时，浸涂工序常采用流水作业，流水线主要由清洗机、浸涂槽、烘干室及悬挂式输送链组成，见图11-6-3<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY148; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span>所示。</span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><br/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWaZHn4VCJwfORcWI2AXHvGlplicYCqzhAYHYZDXthM3QsnTTlMUgjSXc0EMrErU6KpNia2YyzvlbvqhQ/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY149; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span>）浸涂操作要点。浸涂前将漆液倒入浸涂槽内，漆液面离浸涂槽上口约200mm。根据漆液粘度加入适量稀释剂，用木棒搅拌均匀。浸涂槽中的漆液要经常搅拌，以保持 漆液稠度均匀。浸涂后铸件可自干或烘干。浸涂操作结束后应将浸涂槽边缘上的残漆 清理干净，并用盖子将浸涂槽覆盖住。<br/></span></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWaZHn4VCJwfORcWI2AXHvGlpJLEDM3zXRiccTyCRDI7oxYHtfCzoccWNBZzibEznvOElx7rZbDExoFng/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">为保证浸涂操作正常进行和浸涂质量，每隔一定时间应彻底洗刷浸涂槽一次，除掉由铸件带进的杂质。为防止漆池表面结皮，在浸涂过程中可往漆池内洒适量稀释剂使漆 池表面与空气隔绝。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY149; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3. </span>电泳涂装法：电泳涂装法是利用电镀原理，使带负电荷的漆液胶体粒子在直流电 场作用下向接在正极上的铸件移动，并附着在铸件表面上形成漆膜的一种涂装方法。</span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWaZHn4VCJwfORcWI2AXHvGlpOhC2vjgcy60YyoAJhXOibX7X2KETzPy8O0C7hfkmNYmknT8KibjfLdCg/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（1）电泳涂装装置。电泳涂装装置主要由直流电源、电泳槽、漆液搅拌装置等组成， 见图 <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY149; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">11-6-4</span>所示。与电泳涂装装置配套的有导电挂钩、冲洗器和烘干室等，分别见图11-6-5、图 <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY149; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">11-6-6 </span>所示。<br/></span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY149; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span>）电泳涂装操作要点。电泳涂装的工艺流程如下：</span></section><section><br/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWaZHn4VCJwfORcWI2AXHvGlpbfzNMpephIrItlyOIg5GMOZJKjWZiacsia0nYTNg71NtGUGW5wfEaOFA/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">电泳涂装前，要用压缩空气将清理后的铸件内外表面的尘土及残留铁丸吹干净；将 吹净后的铸件装挂在导电挂钩上，装挂时应注意使铸件凹面在浸入电泳槽时不窝气，提出电泳槽时不窝漆；装挂好的铸件在浸入电泳槽前要用水冲洗干净，冲洗后的铸件应清 除掉内腔的积水，并立即浸入电泳槽进行电泳涂装，铸件在浸入电泳槽时，应注意不得触 碰电泳槽壁，以免短路。电泳涂装的工艺参数应根据所采用的电泳底漆选定，见表11-6-5。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWaZHn4VCJwfORcWI2AXHvGlpjt9kuyIA1PjrIp8foZt5lcj0LwdqY99om7W8SaKLh91nfYdEmNic8wQ/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWaZHn4VCJwfORcWI2AXHvGlpdWLtgGParcw3ichAFu48MNZs2Wz4ptu8gpCnhAvU3zsRY4txia4RQ3Lw/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><br/></section><section><br/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWaZHn4VCJwfORcWI2AXHvGlpibyygpdVoZrrEJbmvBQSYzPVWzteGm4bgQEnoU3grz8kyXG2HIYIPJw/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWaZHn4VCJwfORcWI2AXHvGlpmby67BotRIMC4PUZQXWa72iaHZN2le9b5h6fEyKjemKx57ubfN6xHcg/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">电泳时，应开动搅拌泵搅拌漆液，使漆液中固体成分均匀而不沉淀。电泳涂装过程 中常易出现的问题及处处方法见表11-6-6。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWaZHn4VCJwfORcWI2AXHvGlpP3sIVvz6sGCEYUujVXhxX3A3dgSEOtibhJNjyso5rggsnxFNmp6vW5Q/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">电泳涂装后，用高压水或自来水冲掉带出的漆液、泡沫和花斑，防止残留的漆液使已 形成的漆膜再次溶解。</span></section><section><br/><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">冲洗后将铸件送入烘于室烘干，烘于规范见表11-6-7。涂装结束后要用帆布盖好漆槽。<br/></span></section><section><br/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWaZHn4VCJwfORcWI2AXHvGlpjnxE1SWQ6OCncsNibPoTj2PkjDeXzAuk6Oria0ws0Y8epib9D2ZWOBeDA/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">二、常用防锈漆的品种及施工要求 </strong></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">常用防锈底漆的品种、性能、用途、施工要求和烘干规范等见表11-6-8。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWaZHn4VCJwfORcWI2AXHvGlpZzBLeAFRbQicYG0BZgJ02334lKOX9NGIK0ufkr6Tkd2tXv34v8qHY7Q/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWaZHn4VCJwfORcWI2AXHvGlp7wdHqiaycEicTzGYAicYpbjDia1BuuDJ37BHFrlpqlgJW5csbpxqMas0Ow/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWaZHn4VCJwfORcWI2AXHvGlpRSpiaNJzO3ib211Gop7ibJkMF0oZYe6gXicXpnEicrdZcbhZEjkBaIL2Omg/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWaZHn4VCJwfORcWI2AXHvGlpicpm9JHbh91xE1vGynk6kIrzpmYS5H7ODBtcsd8xAHGwCdEicGr5TqRg/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWaZHn4VCJwfORcWI2AXHvGlpibjg55P75jsSohb57GtyZQAdZ28MfEFicrBuoTaBoFGsSP9gXOWsMhiag/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWaZHn4VCJwfORcWI2AXHvGlpvAgUibROXNmoLcgibwpALSSjckSVTyGo8ADo2jMsQMPBaFF3Aj54TsxA/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWaZHn4VCJwfORcWI2AXHvGlpyAgdk8RKkqwJGmeNcicPERwtcClLBCYbP2SCCugdHT8wGmrvGH2icw4w/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWaZHn4VCJwfORcWI2AXHvGlpPoIibKFyOz1TYMMVoN5ARMI31PBS6Y09wPaXOvmUwMAicQfDSzuLtOJA/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWaZHn4VCJwfORcWI2AXHvGlpptv5YevEhM7lHeeETUXbhiaZ7YqJiaBDV6ic1p2ujOznxLibK9qhDU9ZQw/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWaZHn4VCJwfORcWI2AXHvGlpKz0Ln5E8eSkAbBc7UfddadMPUD0qfcYWLribG457VnUO9BZADqxblBg/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><br/></section><section><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">三、防锈漆品种的选择</span></strong></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">应按产品的涂装防锈技术要求或根据设计人员、防锈漆生产厂和工艺人员的协商意 见选择防锈漆，必要时应进行工艺试验及通过实际试涂进行鉴定。防锈漆的选择依据如下：</span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY165; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1</span>）防锈漆的工作环境。见表11-6-9。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWaZHn4VCJwfORcWI2AXHvGlpibkQguasGtXjI5FjWvzF3PCQv3o2XUc4pBqZOn7Y3uYoSF0r92ABia0Q/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY167; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span>）底漆与面漆的相互配套。铸件涂料应按涂料使用说明书配套选择。通常，同类 漆料配制的底漆与面漆是配套的；不同类漆料配制的底漆与面漆，有的能配套，有的不能 配套，有的须经工艺处理后才能配套。 </span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY167; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3</span>）施工的可能性。包括涂装方法、涂装设备及其他必要条件。 </span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY167; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">4</span>）经济效益。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">四、铸件的防锈</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">铸件在贮存过程中，通常要进行防锈处理。除涂装防锈外，还可对铸件采用简易的 临时性防锈处理措施，其中比较常用的方法有： </span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY167; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1</span>）防锈液法：防锈液是一种加有水溶性防锈添加剂的水溶液，常用于铸铁件和铸钢 件的防锈。常用的水溶性防锈液见表11-6-10。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWaZHn4VCJwfORcWI2AXHvGlpTW2fBK1P9AM5MG4YhUI0VY77ic8V3LIqFt7wq4JgVZEq5rKibnYcGYsQ/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">防锈添加剂亚硝酸钠为白色晶体，吸湿后变淡黄色（但仍能使用），易溶于水，防锈性 能良好，但对人体皮肤有刺激性。一般配成质量分数为2%-20%水溶液，并用质量分数的 <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: DY167;">0.3%-0.6%的Na2CO3</span>将防锈液的pH<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY167; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span>值调整到9-10<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY167; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span>后在室温或加热条件下使用。铸件可浸泡在防锈液中存放，也可在防锈液中冷浸或热浸后取出存放。防锈液一般 用于对铸铁件和铸钢件进行工序间防锈及中间库防锈，当与其他防锈剂配合使用时，还 可用于封存防锈。使用时，铸件表面先要用洗涤液洗净并干燥后方可浸人防锈液，在防 锈液中保持几分钟后取出铸件。铸件在防锈液中的浸渍时间取决于铸件的形状和尺寸。<br/></span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY168; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span>）磷化法：将经过喷丸和清洗的钢、铁铸件浸入特定成分的磷酸盐溶液中，在一定 的温度条件下处理一定时间，使零件表面生成一层不溶于水的磷酸盐保护膜（磷化膜）。磷化膜通常呈暗灰色，有极少的结晶构造。磷化防锈处理方法见表11-6-11。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWaZHn4VCJwfORcWI2AXHvGlpbfYlicpB0LeY1LibFGwkd8IX5otAnsicq9GWJTNtEASQZBNhzFznic79Wg/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY168; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3</span>）油封法：该法采用防锈油脂封存铸件，是铸铁件和铸钢件较常用的防锈方法。防 锈油脂以矿物油脂为基体材料、含有油溶性防锈添加剂和辅助添加剂等。铸件的油封防 锈可采用热涂法或冷涂法。<br/></span></section><section><br/></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">第二节 非铁合金铸件的防锈处理</strong></span></section><section><br/></section><section><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">一、镁合金铸件的氧化防锈处理</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">镁合金铸件即使经过化学氧化处理，由于生成的保护膜很薄，其耐腐蚀能力很低，不 能单独作为铸件的防护层，只能对铸件起短期防护作用，主要用于工序间的防锈和作为 有机涂层的底层。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">镁合金铸件可在重铬酸盐等氧化剂溶液中，通过氧化还原反应在其表面形成难溶的化学氧化复合膜。在生产中应根据铸件的材质及使用要求来选择化学氧化方法。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY170; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1. </span>镁合金铸件化学氧化处理的一般原则</span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY170; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1</span>）镁合金铸件必须在打箱后的 <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY170; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">7</span>天内进行化学氧化处理。</span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY170; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span>）在生产线上的镁合金铸件，经焊补、打磨、热处理及特种检查等工序，使其表面氧 化膜遭到破坏后，应在 <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY170; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">10 </span>天内重新进行化学氧化处理。</span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY170; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3</span>）生产线上氧化膜未受破坏的镁合金铸件，其存放期不得超过一个月，过期后应重 新进行化学氧化处理。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY170;">2. </span>化学氧化处理的工艺过程：铸件在氧化处理前的准备<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY171;">→</span>脱脂<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY171;">→</span>热水洗<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY171;">→</span>冷水洗<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY171;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">→</span> </span>浸蚀<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY171;">→</span>水洗<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY171;">→</span>化学氧化<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY171;">→</span>水洗<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY171;">→</span>填充<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY171;">→</span>冷水洗<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY171;">→</span>热水洗<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY171;">→</span>干燥<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY171;">→</span>质量检查。</span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY170;">1</span>）铸件在氧化处理前的准备。铸件在氧化处理前应进行喷砂处理，去除铸件表面 的粘砂、氧化皮、油污等。重新进行氧化处理的铸件，可不进行喷砂处理，但必须清除铸 件表面的氧化膜。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY170; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span>）脱脂。用碱溶液等清除铸件表面的油污，常用的脱脂方法见表11-6-12。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY170; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3</span>）浸蚀。浸蚀的作用主要是除去镁合金铸件表面的氧化膜、熔渣及腐蚀产物。镁合金铸件常用的浸蚀方法见表11-6-13。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY170; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">4</span>）化学氧化处理。化学氧化处理液的配方及处理工艺见表11-6-14。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWaZHn4VCJwfORcWI2AXHvGlpHB4Micb62a6QpwJutS5jQgwNJg0l67fdfKh0fs9nr9ufabUeG7sWUcQ/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><br/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWaZHn4VCJwfORcWI2AXHvGlp7UHgnicHtHEv3YH0ibZHzQT8ryw3M7pHxxgic1iaLVdyBecWECzJzZCwHg/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><br/></section></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWaZHn4VCJwfORcWI2AXHvGlpkxkCZ2jhJDmLLZsVH8riaPiaMza23It8vGBzDjKJqE761r2c6105ibR1g/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY172; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">5</span>）化学氧化处理液的配制和调整。往槽内加入1/3容积的水，将组成化学氧化处 理液的各个组分分别溶解后加入槽中，然后加水至满容积，搅拌均匀后，取样分析，调试 至氧化性能合格后，方可投入使用。处理液中的硝酸、醋酸、重铬酸盐是主要消耗材料， 应按分析结果和处理液的氧化性能进行调整。处理液的分析项目及分析周期见表11-6-15。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY173; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">6</span>）局部氧化处理。局部氧化处理适用于氧化膜局部损伤及不宜采用整体氧化处理 的零件。局部氧化处理工艺规范见表11-6-16。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWaZHn4VCJwfORcWI2AXHvGlp5kic6oOyNHZS74zOUeVOBZfWw2zQZUUGYd5k3W0ffGzUng1jicDH3meQ/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWaZHn4VCJwfORcWI2AXHvGlpvIjiafeGibbTj03PrBNCHwWWdhko73KUdT3dic4DxkFI7j84VrutW4Nrg/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY173; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">7</span>）填充处理。为提高镁合金铸件氧化膜的抗蚀能力，氧化处理后的铸件应进行填 充处理。填充液的配方及工作条件见表 <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY173; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">11-6-17</span>。<br/></span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY173; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">8</span>）干燥。经氧化、填充处理并用冷水、热水清洗过的镁合金铸件，要用 <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY173; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">40-45℃</span>的 热风吹干或在50-70℃的烘箱中烘干20-30min。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY174; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">9</span>）质量检查。镁合金铸件的化学氧化膜应连续、均匀，其外观色泽取决于铸造镁合金的牌号、热处理工艺、表面加工状态和化学氧化处理规范等。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY174; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3. </span>镁合金铸件化学氧化处理后的缺陷</span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY174; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1</span>）镁合金铸件化学氧化处理后的允许缺陷有：同一铸件由于表面状态不同而造成 的颜色不一致；轻微的水印；铸件与夹具接触处无氧化膜；由于合金成分偏析而引起的斑痕和点。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY174; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span>）镁合金铸件化学氧化处理后不允许有的缺陷有：局部无氧化膜；铸件表面腐蚀过度；用脱脂棉可擦去的疏松氧化膜。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">镁合金铸件化学氧化处理的常见故障及防止方法见表11-6-18。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">二、铝合金铸件的清洗和防锈</strong></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">铝合金铸件的清洗工艺规程见表11-6-19，防锈工艺规程见表11-6-20。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">三、钝化处理</strong></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">钝化处理是在活性金属或合金表面形成使其电化学活性大大降低的保护膜（钝化 膜），达到防锈目的的一种金属表面保护方法。常见的钝化处理方法见表 <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY174; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">11-6-21</span>。<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br/></strong></span></section><section><br/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWaZHn4VCJwfORcWI2AXHvGlpoH6oMSbrPyOJuUWUsQoKNVurvIicfVXyLclCU47aZHKxXjibqUlKrfMw/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWaZHn4VCJwfORcWI2AXHvGlpoAJlUtGU4PkDUTGqp4b7F2Qhez1uiceJBW6D4XRibMicrJo57AC6Ox4Uw/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWaZHn4VCJwfORcWI2AXHvGlpOgSHCYlUpSngP3DQdjyUllgSuy4kqHSaUwWk6eryyuIhqMVROK78Mw/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWaZHn4VCJwfORcWI2AXHvGlp8wV9Fyg62JQZmVeCtWozcialRVjtZy3v1GjYeU1bf8Wnta048XZRDkg/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWaZHn4VCJwfORcWI2AXHvGlpnE6wbREOfqKd9t1JESTpMBclib1LYiatuDGTlYlgapUZxBAHxHr86YNA/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWaZHn4VCJwfORcWI2AXHvGlpQ0k6WcxibgcItQicCygwhy5z71EHlo5DIibS9CyV4SWpFXicAmtlXYOylQ/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section></p><p><br/></p>
