铸件的矫形与修补
发布时间：2020-04-30 14:34
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; white-space: normal; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(123, 12, 0); font-size: 18px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">第一节 铸件的矫形 </strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; white-space: normal; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">铸件在凝固、冷却、落砂、清理、热处理、焊补、搬运和机械加工过程中，因铸件的结构 或处理工艺不当，在温度、外力和内应力作用下，会发生变形，导致铸件的形状和尺寸与 图样不符。细长和不规则的支架类铸件和用收缩率较大的合金铸造的铸件，变形尤为严 重。铸件的变形一般可采用矫形工艺予以消除；可锻铸铁件退火后的变形，也可通过矫 形得到矫正。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.75em;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">一、矫形方法 </span></strong></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.75em;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">矫形方法按铸件是否加热可分为冷矫形和热矫形两类；按矫形时是否采用成形模 具，可分为自由矫形和模具矫形两类。 </span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY77; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.75em;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY77; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1. </span>自由矫形 </span></strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY77; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1</span>）中小件的自由矫形见图11-4-1，一般是将铸件放在平板上或专用的简易胎模 上，用手锤敲打一次或数次，直到尺寸符合要求。手锤大小根据需要选用。矫形前应采 用样板或量具对铸件的形状和尺寸进行检查，以掌握铸件变形情况，为矫形操作提供依 据。矫形后应检查铸件的形状和尺寸是否合格。 </span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.75em;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY77; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span>）大铸件的自由矫形一般在指定的矫形设备上进行。矫形前应掌握铸件的变形规 律，配备必要的与铸件矫形部分几何形状和尺寸相适应的矫形模块。下面以图11-4-2所示退火后的汽车后桥壳可锻铸铁件为例，说明大铸件矫形的主要工艺过程。</span></p><p><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWabggmtYZaFwxW9ib4pucREt73GXpVnmkdRGShUQBzXHoQM1c7HIbVQKpBww4YjlHMgM3YMAd2y2oTA/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/TCIDp9rFWabggmtYZaFwxW9ib4pucREt7hy6le9hkQHB5Ux7bg7dsZpn1WfGbRWvxJcnGVkLwJhrkckzm1FtNIg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg"/></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">矫形在 <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY78; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">500kN </span>液压机上进行。矫形工把后桥壳铸件吊起并送入液压机上的模块内， 铸件上需要测量和矫形的尺寸见图11-4-3<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY78; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span>形示。按下列规定对铸件尺寸进行测量和矫形。</span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><br/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWabggmtYZaFwxW9ib4pucREt7D5jPfWcssDcicD1PDJIrCFFHY5iaYGgKoMwvBAicpzoAqZ8yFvtNx08zg/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY78; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1</span>）图 11-4-3中Φ334mm<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY78; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span>圆孔椭圆度的测量与矫形。测量和确定铸件上<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Φ334mm</span>±2.5mm圆孔尺寸超差的长轴和短轴方向并矫形。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">当变形方向AA轴长度大于 <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY81; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">BB</span>轴长度时，将铸件放在矫形模块中心处，沿最大直径 所在的方向适当加压矫形，见图11-4-4所示。</span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWabggmtYZaFwxW9ib4pucREt75VkPnO0sT7ib0peKzznZygpUibOsP8ONXkqibclPj437ibzO08N2nF1ZWA/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">当变形方向AA轴长度小于BB轴长度时，将铸件平放在矫形模块上，把撑头放在最小直径处，适当加压撑开，见图 <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY80; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">11-4-5</span>所示。<br/></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWabggmtYZaFwxW9ib4pucREt7yQiaVqkqBdNEgiayK6P91hYjazYF0licJrwzrAa5v3rrnicRN15B2uXNJA/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY80; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span>）压平面。<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Φ334mm</span>与<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Φ</span>323mm两圆孔的内端面距离一般均超差，故在测量与矫形前，先将铸件放在矫形模块中，适当加压使两端面的距离压缩，见图11-4-6所示。</span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWabggmtYZaFwxW9ib4pucREt7z8mJpA43RciaFoNeKuKg5iak0uT5hKCSmLbbJLwFQpzp0JsRVReI6dUA/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY80; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2.</span>冷矫形和热矫形 冷矫形采用锤击、手动压力机、千斤顶、摩擦压力机或液压机对铸件进行矫形，适用于几何形状简单、变形量小的中、小型薄壁铸件，或变形量较大但塑 性较好的铸态铝合金铸件，以及变形量大的淬火态铝合金铸件的矫形。当铸件结构复杂 时，可借助胎模或矫形模进行矫形。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">热矫形分为局部加热矫形和进炉整体加热矫形两种。某些铸钢件冷矫形较困难时， 可局部加热后用锤击或用压力机进行矫形。厚壁大铸件应进行整体加热矫形，矫形前测 定出需要矫形的变形量，然后放于热处理炉内的垫铁上，垫上适当的垫块，在需矫形部位 的上面施加适当载荷，在热处理过程中借助载荷的作用将变形量矫正过来。如果在热处 理后进行矫形，则矫形后应进行消除应力回火，矫形温度及消除应力回火温度应比热处 理回火温度低20-30℃。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">变形量大的铝合金铸件，应加热至250-350℃后立即用压力机或千斤顶进行矫形， 形状复杂的铝合金铸件可采用胎模式矫正模进行矫形；截面厚大、变形量大的铝合金铸 件应进炉加热至 <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY83; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">350-450℃</span>，并置于胎膜式矫正模或专用夹具上施加矫形载荷，在载荷 作用下进行矫形；对于局部有较大变形的铝合金铸件，可用火焰加热变形处，同时施加载荷进行矫形。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY83; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3. </span>矫形模整体矫形 该法把铸件置于成形模具中（一般分上、下模），并在选定的矫 形机上用选定的压力对铸件进行整体矫形。一般一次完成矫形，个别铸件需两次完成矫 形。为便于比较，仍以汽车后桥壳为例，整体矫形模简图，见图11-4-7所示。整体矫 形时，一般采用起重设备或机械手将铸件装入或取出矫形模。整体矫形用的矫形模具需 专门设计和制造，精度要求高，适用于大量流水生产，生产效率高，劳动强度小，矫形后的 铸件尺寸偏差小。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">二、矫形设备的分类和选择 </span></strong></span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY83; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1.</span>矫形设备的类型、特点及适用 范围铸件的整体矫形设备通常采用双盘摩擦压力 机或液压机，见表11-4-1和表11-4-2。 </span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY83; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1</span>）液压机的特点及适用范围：液压机适用于轮廓尺寸较大、平均厚度较薄、结构复 杂和易回弹变形的铸件的矫形。其优点是动作平稳，冲击力小，压力可调，可以保压，操作简单、安全，易实现机械化和自动化操作。缺点是生产率低，需经常检修以保证其密封性。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY83; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span>）摩擦压力机的特点及适用范围：摩擦压力机适用于结构不很复杂、不易回弹变 形、手工安放和取出的中小型铸件的矫形。其优点是操作简单、生产率高。缺点是运行 速度快，振动冲击大，压力不易调整，保压时间短，易发生工伤事故，操作时必须注意安全。其矫形模总高度应不小于工作台至滑块下止点的间距，但也不宜过高。</span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWabggmtYZaFwxW9ib4pucREt7xMYV2enNcC63yUSV75Nibfm9MJpFyvnOmRziaQf1JVibdlQqicjRkBReGQ/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY84; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2 . </span>矫形设备压力的选择 压力选择不当，会影响矫形后铸件的质量和矫形模的寿命，矫形设备压力的选择方法一般有三种： </span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY84; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1</span>）经验类比法：参照实际生产中的类似铸件的矫形压力，选择要矫形铸件所需的矫 形压力，进而确定矫形设备的型号和规格。<br/></span></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWabggmtYZaFwxW9ib4pucREt7aysGiaNlT5eXc0cDrAK57NlI3VL1ET2b3gyfrZrKT2qRibDlX97XMN0g/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWabggmtYZaFwxW9ib4pucREt7sDUHic3G8OeBFBwvbN2BtZ8gMWkRqNan9VCQS4Ajiaiard54DDc5MYe8g/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY85; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span>）经验公式法：用经验公式计算出要矫形铸件所需的矫形压力，据此选定矫形设备的型号和规格。计算铸件矫形压力的经验公式为<br/></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><br/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWabggmtYZaFwxW9ib4pucREt7vzNFlcLMRNFbvvK3owV5yib7yhxpARzjgE7xHYWTibgAsuw599C6ZpoQ/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><br/></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY85; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3</span>）理论计算法</span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWabggmtYZaFwxW9ib4pucREt7QazoKcQazKU36abnQXOFdicuFohw788sRYu73WRMoSZRtRuBscSSj6A/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWabggmtYZaFwxW9ib4pucREt7n4HL9gkib1u1up18WfcNn9Z1wrC8RTpQJIqiaLffJq19krO4SiaVjbyjg/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><br/></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">三、矫形模 </span></strong></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></strong></span></section><section><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY89; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1. </span>矫形模用材料</span></strong></section><section><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"></span></strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">矫形模在工作时需承受强烈的冲击载荷，其内腔与铸件的矫形部 位接触，因此矫形模应具有足够的强度和刚度，其工作表面还须有足够的硬度和耐磨性。矫形模各部位的常用材料见表11-4-3。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWabggmtYZaFwxW9ib4pucREt7wia7UbPjDrjZdP1bVjXTQP7InWcP1G0hNBoCjJibLZhgQcYRtWJicExCw/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><br/></section><section><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY89; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2. </span>矫形模的设计 </span></strong></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY89; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1</span>）矫形模设计的依据</span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY89; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1</span>）铸件图。通过铸件图可掌握铸件的分型面位置、加工余量、起模斜度、工艺补正 量、浇冒口位置及残留量、机械加工定位基准等，为矫形模结构设计提供依据。</span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY89; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span>）有关技术文件。最重要的是铸件热处理规范。根据铸件热处理工艺曲线、装炉摆 放方式和填料情况等，可掌握铸件的变形规律和大小，为确定铸件的矫形部位、矫形量、 矫正压力及矫形模的结构和尺寸提供依据。</span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">3）矫形设备的型号和规格。据此可确定矫形模的外形尺寸（尤其是用摩擦压力机矫 正铸件变形时矫形模的高度）及矫形模与矫形设备的连接和固定方式。 </span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY89; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span>）矫形模设计应遵循的原则</span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY89; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1</span>）除特殊情况外，铸件矫形部位的几何形状和主要尺寸应一次矫形完成，尽可能避 免二次矫形。 </span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY89; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span>）确定矫形方案时，应尽可能与铸件的机械加工定位基准（定位点或面及定位夹紧点或面）相一致。合理选择矫形面或矫形点，可保证矫形后铸件主要尺寸的准确性。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY91; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3</span>）设计矫形方案时，应注意矫形模与铸件尺寸之间的关系。通常矫形模矫形部位的几何形状和尺寸应与铸件一致。为减少矫形模的制造工时并利于矫形后铸件的取出，矫形模其余部位的几何形状和尺寸在水平方向和垂直方向上应与铸件之间留有足够的空隙。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY91; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">4</span>）矫形模的结构应有利于操作方便和安全，便于安放和取出铸件及清除矫形过程中 从铸件上脱落下来并积存在模腔内的氧化皮等杂物。需采用活块的矫形模，活块应尽可 能设置在上模中，以便能自行去除氧化皮。如必须将活块设置在下模中时，应采取有效 措施清除掉积存在活块上的氧化皮。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY91; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">5</span>）矫形模的结构应力求简单、合理、牢固，便于制造、吊运、装卸和维修。矫形模的活 动部分和易磨损部位应设计成可调节和易更换结构。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY91; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">6</span>）合理确定矫形模的分模面和上、下模的结构。</span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY91; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">7</span>）为保证矫形模具有足够的强度、刚度和硬度，与铸件接触的矫形模工作面及活块、 镶块、楔块、定位销等，均应淬火处理，硬度控制在58-62HRC<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY91; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span>范围内。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY91;">8</span>）矫形模应设计有吊装工艺孔及便于安装和紧固在矫形设备上的适当结构。</span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY91; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3. </span>矫形模的典型结构 </span></strong></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY91; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1</span>）矫形模在矫形设备上的安装和紧固：矫形模的上、下模分别用定位键（销）和螺钉 固定在上、下底座上。上、下底座用压板和螺栓固定在矫形设备上，见图11-4-8。 </span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY91; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span>）几种矫形模的典型结构：带角度铸件的矫形模见图11-4-9，带活块结构的矫形模见图11-4-10，矫正平面的矫形模见图11-4-11。</span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWabggmtYZaFwxW9ib4pucREt7Pgym3SuiayibtDt3MMhuEcz9AAn11kYZpIOFxB8Xu0v7pYibXZCYNzj7w/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWabggmtYZaFwxW9ib4pucREt7Rd6OFUvqSlcjIT5OZ0SyXkiausFicZkoicaZnuibt4fE1V8JpZXrpJVVqQ/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWabggmtYZaFwxW9ib4pucREt7YiaiaiaUXSdydG58EcYwOhq2pW40Y4FFASs5HOachwU2SfIibImgU9Aiaibw/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWabggmtYZaFwxW9ib4pucREt7VnibO072DZ5nxx1dBdO0S2snJIRaiaz7y0upyHRJotEnq64HJxONFyRw/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(123, 12, 0); font-size: 18px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">第二节 铸件缺陷修补</strong></span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">铸件缺陷修补常遵循的原则是：不降低使用性能，不影响外观，不高于重铸成本，不 影响后工序操作，不影响供货周期，与铸件验收条件没有矛盾。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">铸件缺陷修补常用方法有：电焊焊补、气焊焊补、工业修补剂修补和浸渗修补。其中焊补应用最广泛。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">一、电焊焊补 </span></strong></span></section><section><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></strong></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（一）铸铁件电焊焊补</span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">1.铸铁件电焊焊补操作要点 </span></strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY93; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1</span>）选用适用的焊条。 </span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY93; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span>）确定合理的焊补工艺，主要内容有：冷焊、局部半热焊、热焊；预热温度；焊补用电 流；防裂纹延伸措施；焊后的保温缓冷或热处理配合等。 </span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY93; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3</span>）焊补前准备工作要充分：焊补处清理干净；裂纹两端止裂孔尽早钻好；开好焊补 坡口；做好堆焊挡铁水围坝。止裂钻孔可参考图11-4-12；焊补坡口见图11-4-13。 </span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY93; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY93; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2.</span>铸铁件焊补用电焊条规格 </span></strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">铸铁件焊补用电焊条的规格见表11-4-4。</span></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWabggmtYZaFwxW9ib4pucREt79zDBYDfBYic7wb5mRtNfiafHwzcUq3aJPYxEqiaxVgToZeU82Jeicu2xsA/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWabggmtYZaFwxW9ib4pucREt7qRQeWhLjzMftOianEWwSbQjYkXpG097tqpqiarnpAsz7EjhAmgIVT6iag/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWabggmtYZaFwxW9ib4pucREt7Jqv3daPJtHWVParu7M1cIcfpjSmZYNicseSzqGzT8Zsz8Zicmvl2HibRw/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: DY94;"><br/></span></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: DY94;">3.</span>铸铁件焊补电焊条选用 </span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">铸铁件焊补电焊条选用可参考表11-4-5。<br/></span></section><section><br/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWabggmtYZaFwxW9ib4pucREt7nAQ6eq0W67ibaPuoAWNso4cGX8LZ0KwibPsZNm8evbibibsRxyhlCvAtOw/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><br/></section><section><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY96; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">4.</span>焊补电流选用 </span></strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY96; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1</span>）冷焊电流选用见表 <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY96; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">11-4-6</span>。</span></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWabggmtYZaFwxW9ib4pucREt75XtckA3JpE51YcOMPcETKEq6cxcriawYfMpM0JYnWS85KoW017pRckw/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY96; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span>）局部加热焊补电流选用实例见表11-4-7。<br/></span></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWabggmtYZaFwxW9ib4pucREt7pZ0JEc9oeY96TLq7JFtOPgppNVcXsbpUTH1Oqg9PUbYW4L46P63gqQ/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY96; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3</span>）热焊补电流选用见表11-4-8。</span></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWabggmtYZaFwxW9ib4pucREt761G7PCTvbRYcu9jzVQqiay23CeEicIiaxe8uYIw9lfQxcMbaPKk5CemsQ/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（二）铸钢件电焊焊补 </span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">1.<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY96; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span>铸钢件电焊焊补操作要点<br/></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY98; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1</span>）严格按钢号选配焊条。 </span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY98;">2</span>）缺陷必须彻底清除。 </span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY98;">3）</span>严格执行焊补规范。 </span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY98;">2.</span>铸钢件焊补电流选配 铸钢件焊补电流选配可见表11-4-9。</span></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWabggmtYZaFwxW9ib4pucREt7rc3Hu1SDTDicYXTRxPF7hzsSUWojQU9lF5ucFPnF8tJnWic9ApPH45BA/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">3.铸钢焊补焊条选用和预热温度 铸钢焊补焊条选用和预热温度见表11-4-10。<br/></span></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWabggmtYZaFwxW9ib4pucREt7vxzIXr99RPTpLIG8uNEEk6E2g8vIZZuwuJm3dcaP2SNywicFbXZKt5A/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWabggmtYZaFwxW9ib4pucREt7CCZ7JUI6ElHDGe2Qmn0kB5YI43hm7meKZMRI3M5t2seDkyhr8VwJzA/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWabggmtYZaFwxW9ib4pucREt78cFcWU0Ea4gwA3DMCS6VYiaapIeb4KPZQnToYcoL8wjY24JxuibdEGJA/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><br/></section><section><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY103; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">4.</span>缺陷处开焊补坡口 </span></strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">铸钢件缺陷处开焊补坡口参考表11-4-11。</span></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWabggmtYZaFwxW9ib4pucREt7siaqcQH9nN9ibn3ol6sichicwgicZrNApZqaFMtIaXZYqGxRU560ZSicRC3g/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWabggmtYZaFwxW9ib4pucREt7dMmQHicz8XEeJ7ZBK6MfnCOYLT8p1RajsBlLfgdZXJOepJzke2dyRbw/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><br/></section><section><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">二、气焊焊补 </span></strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（一）铸铁件气焊焊补 </span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY105; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1. </span>铸铁件气焊焊补的操作要点 </span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（1）正确选定冷焊、热焊方案。热焊需预热至600℃左右焊补，焊后应于 <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY105; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">)650-700℃</span>左右保温缓冷。</span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY105; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span>）合理选用焊条，正确使用气焊剂。</span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY105; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3</span>）焊炬嘴孔径和氧气压力要匹配。</span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY105; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">4</span>）焊补时宜控制弱还原焰或中性焰。</span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY105; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">5</span>）焊件要熔透，火焰要始终盖住熔池，焰芯与熔池相距15-20mm为宜。焊炬和焊件平面保持一合理角度，使散焰能对已补好部分加热，适当缓冷。</span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY105; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">6</span>）熔池中发现小气泡和白亮氧化夹渣时，要加气焊粉加热熔池使之浮起再用焊条挑出。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY105; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2. </span>铸铁气焊焊条成分规格 铸铁气焊焊条成分规格见表11-4-12。</span></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWabggmtYZaFwxW9ib4pucREt7fkWEick44lrmSs3UOq9UltcFOlzRgHwg6HV9AkYVS2OvyzGuOLDkUeg/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><br/></section><section><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY105; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3. </span>铸铁件气焊焊炬</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">铸铁件气焊焊补常用焊炬见表11-4-13。</span></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWabggmtYZaFwxW9ib4pucREt7S6JHa18Ixwsic8AMpU9CjUCdb9ncaRteOVvltpMxneQtLz7WlqjK9eQ/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></strong></section><section><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（二）铝合金铸件气焊焊补</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"></span></section><section><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></strong></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY108; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1. </span>铝合金铸件焊补注意要点 </span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY108; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1</span>）施焊环境温度 <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: DY108;">＞15℃</span>。对较大的复杂件或裂纹倾向偏大的 <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY108; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">ZL201 </span>类铸件，施焊 温度适当高些，焊后需 <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY108; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">200-300℃</span>保温缓冷。施焊环境应在避风处。 </span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY108; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span>）焊补收尾要满，防止缩凹、缩孔及裂纹。 </span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY108; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3</span>）适用中性焰焊补。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">2.<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY108; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span>铸铝件常用焊丝 铸铝件常用焊丝的牌号见表11-4-14。</span></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWabggmtYZaFwxW9ib4pucREt7UAzAqic20L6ujRcef3LPpxAwbYtQ9SzCicrjfDeO96jRtxn0QSic4Zibsg/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY108; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3. </span>铝合金铸件焊补常用焊剂</span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">铝合金铸件焊补常用焊剂成分见表11-4-15。 </span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWabggmtYZaFwxW9ib4pucREt7VgYMQjpuFsw0AcDSFPqVoSPSGWiacYiaYfAlwBNrWrlp9l5UCWTDfPsg/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY108; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">4. </span>铝合金铸件气焊焊补参考规范</span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">铝合金铸件气焊焊补参考规范见表11-4-16。<br/></span></section><section><br/></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWabggmtYZaFwxW9ib4pucREt78wVNaQRMtbDicYrc8ww9J0I2WNia83EEhdT0YIto2d9FuxnzuribhVxOw/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（三）铸铜件气焊焊补</span></strong></section><section><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></strong></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY111; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1. </span>铸铜件气焊焊补注意要点 </span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY111; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1</span>）严格按铜合金类别控制火焰属性：黄铜用弱氧化性火焰；锡青铜用中性火焰；铝 青铜用中性火焰。 </span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY111; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span>）严格执行预热规定：黄铜可以预热；锡青铜应适当预热；铝青铜应预热至600℃。</span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY111; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3</span>）黄铜宜快焊，连续一次完成；锡青铜焊补速度不宜太快，施焊过程中不能搬动；铝 青铜宜中速焊补，随时注意剔除氧化夹渣，焊后保温缓冷。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">2.铸铜件常用焊丝成分</span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">铸铜件常用焊丝成分见表11-4-17。</span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWabggmtYZaFwxW9ib4pucREt75F38DzlRpto14YTV6HK3OutiaLw9tUEM11icFfQzyY4LZ0iaGTlZUz0Ig/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY111; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br/></span></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY111; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3.</span>纯铜、锡青铜、黄铜焊剂 </span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">纯铜、锡青铜、黄铜焊剂成分见表11-4-18。<br/></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWabggmtYZaFwxW9ib4pucREt7Zduqyrgtp14xKnB7XWerKfT81kLNbzww4FvdwsHpmZ2WKCBwr2zL6A/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY112; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br/></span></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY112; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">4.</span>铝青铜铸件焊补焊剂</span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">铝青铜铸件焊补焊剂成分见表11-4-19。<br/></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><img class="rich_pages" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TCIDp9rFWabggmtYZaFwxW9ib4pucREt7ps4x61CaCicKLcQRDl02s9toJia0Bf53Rg4n9gQ81eoHlxeliao7OkcIg/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></strong></section><section><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">三、工业修补剂修补</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"></span></section><section><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></strong></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">1.工业修补剂修补注意要点 </span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY112; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1</span>）选择合适的修补剂。选择修补剂的主要依据是铸件合金类别、铸件后加工过程、 铸件的使用条件、铸件缺陷的类型、部位等。 </span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY112; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span>）修补以孔洞类缺陷为主，裂纹类缺陷慎用，贴补类情况不宜使用。 </span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY112; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2. </span>修补方法 直径较小的孔洞（Φ2-Φ10mm）可用填补或镶补；直径大于10mm的孔洞宜用粘镶合 适的金属柱（块）修补。<br/></span></section><section><br/></section><section><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">四、浸渗修补 </span></strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY112; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1</span>）原理：使含有填料和胶体物质的浸渗液在压力作用下渗进铸件缺陷孔隙中固化，弥补铸件气密性不良而引起泄漏的修补工艺。 </span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: DY114; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（2</span>）注意要点：选择合适的浸渗剂和浸渗设备。目前浸渗剂有硅酸盐型、合成树脂型 和厌氧胶型等三种类型多个牌号。浸渗设备一般由专业厂家根据要求配制合理施压方 式的浸渗罐。选择主要依据是铸件材质、工作压力和温度、环境条件及铸件的尺寸和形状。</span></section></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p><br/></p>
