水力、电液压、电化学清砂
发布时间：2020-04-29 10:58
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0); font-size: 18px;">水力清砂除芯</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;">水力清砂主要用于清理大、中型铸件的表面型砂和砂芯，在我国多用于清理大型铸 铁及铸钢件。有的工厂为了用此法清理小铸件，设计了专用支架，将小铸件放入支架里 面，再进行清砂。 </span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;">水力清砂的生产效率比手工清砂高几倍到几十倍，它尤其适用于重型和大型铸件的 清砂除芯。水力清砂采用湿法作业，无粉尘、噪声小，工人的劳动强度低，工作条件好。但此法需配有旧砂烘干、污水处理、污泥排除等设备，管路复杂，占用面积较大，电耗和水 耗都很大。因此在选用此法时应统筹考虑。近年来，由于改性水玻璃砂的应用及自硬砂 在大型铸钢件的普遍采用，使得大型铸件的除芯变得容易。因此，水力清砂的应用越来 越少，目前只有老厂在使用，新建厂不再采用。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;">一、水力清砂的工作原理</span></strong></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;"></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;">水力清砂的工作原理是：利用高压泵输出的高压水经喷枪形成射向铸件的高压射流，清除铸件中的砂芯和粘附在其表面的砂层。水力清砂装置由三部分组成：水力清砂 系统、旧砂湿法再生系统、污水污泥处理及再生循环系统。高压射流的主要作用有二：一 是切割，二是冲刷。当高压射流产生的冲击力超过砂块的抗剪强度时，砂块即被切碎，然 后高压水流渗入砂块裂纹，破坏砂粒之间的联系，将砂块冲散，使之随高压水流一起被洗 刷下来。基本特征及主要作用见表 11-2-17。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://www.luliaohui.com/uploads/home/article/5ea8e26bb03d7.png"/></p><section><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">二、水力清砂工艺参数的选择</span></strong></section><p><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;">不同类型铸件采用水力清砂时所选用的工作压力、流量及高压泵类型见表11-2-18。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">三、水力清砂除芯设备 </span></strong></span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;">水力清砂设备由水力清砂装置、旧砂湿法再生装置及污水污泥处理和再生循环装置三部分组成。水力清砂装置主要由喷枪、动力装置、转台和清砂室等部分组成。<br/></span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: DY28; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1. </span>喷枪装置：水力清砂用喷枪的喷嘴直径为4-8mm，最大冲击力在离喷嘴出口 <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: DY28;">800-1600mm</span>的断面上，因此，操作距离一般为1000-1200mm。</span></section></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://www.luliaohui.com/uploads/home/article/5ea8e28d615f3.png"/></p><p><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: DY28; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2.</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">水力清砂动力设备：水力清砂动力设备即高压水泵是水力清砂的关键设备。常用 的高压水泵有W</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: DY28; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">型柱塞泵、</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: DY28; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">D </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">型柱塞泵和多级离心泵三种。目前应用最广泛的是适应性 强的3W</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: DY28; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">型和3D</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: DY28; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">型高压柱塞泵，只有少数工厂使用多级离心泵。通常一支喷枪应配备 一台备用泵。几种高压水泵的比较见表11-2-19。</span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br/></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img src="https://www.luliaohui.com/uploads/home/article/5ea8e2ad425d0.png"/></span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></span></p><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: DY28; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3. </span>回转台车：为装卸铸件方便及能从各个方向进行清砂，承放铸件的工作台应做成 可正反回转任意角度的转台形式，并配置工作小车。转台形式分为固定式和移动式两 种，生产中采用移动式较多。为防止机件受水砂侵蚀，通常采用将转台与工作小车连成 一体的全封闭式结构。为了操作安全，电动机电源常采用 <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: DY28; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">36 V </span>三相低压电，小车上设有 低压导电部件。</span></section><p><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: DY29; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">4.</span>水力清砂室：为防止水砂飞溅，保证操作工人的安全，水力清砂一般在水力清砂室 中进行。水力清砂室由清砂室、喷枪装置、操纵室、回转台车（转台）等组成。清砂室系列规格（长 <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: DY29; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">* </span>宽）有4m*4m、5m*5m、6m*6m、8m*8m，及简易的4m*4m等 <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: DY29;">5 </span>种规格。清砂室结构包括地上部分的水力清砂工作场所和地下部分的用于容纳 从铸件上清理下来的砂浆的砂池。 </span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;">表 <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: DY29;">11-2-20 </span>是水力清砂室设计系列的主要技术规格。</span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: DY29; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: DY29;">5 .</span>在实际生产中，水力清砂除芯设备都附有水处理和砂再生系统，图 <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: DY29;">11-2-13</span>为 水处理系统的水力清砂除芯装置流程图。</span></section></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://www.luliaohui.com/uploads/home/article/5ea8e2ce731d7.png"/></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img src="https://www.luliaohui.com/uploads/home/article/5ea8e2e688aba.png"/></span><br/></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img src="https://www.luliaohui.com/uploads/home/article/5ea8e2ff3e39e.png"/></span></p><p></p><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">四、水力清砂的操作要点及注意事项</span></strong></span></section><p><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: DY30; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1.</span>待清理铸件温度不可太高，以防在水的激冷下开裂。 </span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: DY30; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2. </span>先开液压泵再开高压水泵，待空转运行正常后，关紧泄水阀再开水枪进行清砂。</span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;">3.<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: DY30; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span>水枪喷嘴与铸件距离保持在300-600mm。</span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: DY30; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">4. </span>参考表 <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: DY30; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">11-2-21 </span>选择水压与喷嘴直径。</span></section></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://www.luliaohui.com/uploads/home/article/5ea8e3196d504.png"/></p><p><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></span></p><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: DY33; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">5.</span>水枪的前后移动机构在不调节时必须锁紧，以防打开水枪时突然后退伤人。 </span></section><p><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: DY33; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">6.</span>严禁随意调整安全阀和松动高压部件的螺栓。</span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;">7.<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: DY33; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span>停车前应先打开泄水阀，然后切断电源再行停车。 </span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: DY33; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">8. </span>在冰冻期，一定要关闭进水阀，放出高压水泵中的剩水，以防冻裂。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">电液压清砂</span></strong></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></span></strong></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;">电液压清砂是一种特殊的清砂方法，适用于单件、成批、大批量生产，重量0.1kg-30t<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: DY33; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span>的铸件清砂，能够清除掉铸件上任何强度的芯砂和残砂。电液压清砂可以清除用普 通清砂方法难以清除的复杂砂芯，尤其对熔模铸件的型壳，批量生产的中、小铸钢件和非 铁合金铸件上的各种孔道（例如铸件上的弯孔、不通孔）和复杂内腔中的砂芯，清砂效果 特别好，并可消除铸件中的残留内应力。 </span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">一、电液压清砂的工作原理及工艺过程 </span></strong></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></span></strong></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;">电液压清砂的工作原理是基于液电效应，利用高压大电流在水中放电产生的冲击波 来清除掉置于水中的铸件上的芯砂。液压冲击波在铸件的清砂过程中有以下三种作用：</span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: DY33; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1</span>）破坏砂团中的结合，使砂粒飞散。 </span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: DY33; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span>）使铸件和芯砂强烈振动而产生弹性变形，由于铸件和芯砂的弹性模量和自振频 率不同，使芯砂与铸件壁分离。</span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: DY33; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3</span>）脉冲放电在铸件内部与外部之间产生压力差，使芯砂与水一起自铸件内部向外 排出，并被强大的水流冲走。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;">电液压清砂的工艺过程是：驱动车将装有待清理铸件的装料平车推至清理室内起落 架的下层平台上，驱动车退出室外；升降机构将起落架连同铸件一起下降至水箱中；对水 箱中的铸件进行高压充、放电，清除掉铸件内的芯砂；清理完毕后，起落架升起，驱动车进 入清理室拉出装料平车，完成一个工作循环。清理下来的砂子及污水进入水、砂处理系统。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">二、电液压清砂的特点 </span></strong></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></span></strong></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: DY34; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1. </span>清砂效率比一般清砂工艺提高1-3倍。</span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;">2.<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: DY34; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span>清理质量高。</span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;">3.<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: DY34; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span>能耗低，不损伤铸件并可提高铸件表面硬度。 </span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: DY34; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">4.</span>可消除铸造应力，无须退火处理。 </span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: DY34; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">5. </span>适用于各种材质的铸件，可以清除掉复杂铸件内腔和孔道中难以清除的造型材 料。<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: DY34; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">( " </span>无粉尘和污染，有利于改善劳动条件和环境保护。<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: DY34; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">) " </span>结构紧凑，占地面积小。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">三、电液压清砂设备及主要技术规格（见表11-2-22）</span></strong></section></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://www.luliaohui.com/uploads/home/article/5ea8e33f89628.png"/></p><p></p><section><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0); font-size: 18px;">电化学清砂 </span></strong></section><p><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0); font-size: 18px;"><br/></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">一、电化学清砂原理、特点及适用范围 </span></strong></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;">电化学清砂是利用电解过程和化学反应清除铸件表面粘砂层的清砂工艺。其原理 包括化学和电化学两个方面。利用化学反应，使铸件表面粘砂层（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: DY37;">SiO2</span>）与碱性熔剂 （<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: DY37;">NaOH</span>）生成硅酸钠（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: DY37;">Na2O.SiO2</span>）而被清除。</span></section></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://www.luliaohui.com/uploads/home/article/5ea8e358863bb.png"/><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br/></span></p><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;">在装有400-450℃的熔融碱液的电解槽中，<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: DY37;">Na2O.SiO2</span>下沉到电解槽底部，水和部分碱性熔剂则挥发到空气中造成污染。由于该反应速度较慢，铸件细小孔洞尤其是不通 孔中的砂子与碱液接触面积小，化学反应易饱和而中止，即使采取加快碱液流动和碱煮等措施，效果也不明显。只有利用电解过程才能防止化学反应达到饱和，使化学反应得 以继续进行。</span></section><p><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;">国内常用的电化学清砂熔剂是质量分数 <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: DY37; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">85%</span>工业纯NaOH+<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: DY37; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span>质量分数15%工业纯 <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: DY37; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">NaCl</span>。将待清理铸件浸入熔融的熔剂中，承装铸件的料筐接负极，盛装熔融碱液的电解 槽接正极。在直流电场作用下，从 <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: DY37; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">NaOH </span>和 NaCl<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: DY37; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">; </span>中游离出来的钠离子向负极运动， 在负极俘获电子，成为金属钠。 </span></section></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://www.luliaohui.com/uploads/home/article/5ea8ec73b7b30.png"/></p><p><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">金属钠化学活性高，具有强烈的还原作用，使铸件表面的氧化物（砂子和铁锈）被还原。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://www.luliaohui.com/uploads/home/article/5ea8ec8a3c5a5.png"/></p><p><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">在正极处，高浓度的OH-</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: DY39; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">因电极电位低于Cl-</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">的电位，失去电子而生成水和<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: DY39;">氧气</span></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://www.luliaohui.com/uploads/home/article/5ea8ecae5a05a.png"/></p><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;">电解作用使铸件表面的氧化物被还原，既清除了粘砂，又去掉了铁锈，铸件表面呈灰白色。在正极（电解槽壁）处生成的O2和H2O<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: DY39; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span>对电解槽壁产生氧化腐蚀，为此应加防护板。</span></section><p><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;">电化学清砂具有设备简单、操作容易、清理效果好等优点，但其设备投资和能耗较大，效率较低，一般仅用于粘砂严重、要求清理质量高的精铸件及内腔复杂的过流铸件的清砂。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">二、工艺流程及主要工艺参数</span></strong></span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: DY39; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1.</span>工艺流程：图 <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: DY39; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">11-2-4</span>为铸铁件电化学清砂的工艺流程。</span></section></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://www.luliaohui.com/uploads/home/article/5ea8ecd0f3ee9.png"/></p><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: DY39; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1</span>）将铸件装入特制的多孔金属料筐内。装入方式应有利于电解液从铸件内腔排 出，一般是使铸件的孔口朝下。 </span></section><p><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: DY39; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span>）把装好铸件的金属料筐吊入电解槽，浸泡在460-500℃的熔融碱液中。以电解槽壁为正极，金属料筐为负极，通入3-6V、1000A<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: DY39; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span>直流电，使残留在铸件表面的芯砂和 粘砂层与熔融的氢氧化钠反应。生成的硅酸钠胶体及铸件上呈碱性的氧化铁、氢氧化铁等一起脱离铸件形成沉淀。这一过程所需的时间视铸件复杂程度及粘砂状况而定，一般约为0.5-2h。 </span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: DY39; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3</span>）将铸件从电解槽中吊出并浸入流动的冷水槽中，通过水爆效应使残渣与铸件瞬时分离。为防止壁厚不均匀的铸件因激冷而产生裂纹，铸件在浸入冷水槽前可适当空冷。</span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: DY40; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">4</span>）把铸件吊入80℃以上的热水槽中，使残留在铸件上的碱性熔剂和硅酸钠溶解于水，并使残渣进一步沉淀，这一过程约需 <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: DY40; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">30min</span>。 </span></section><section><br/></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: DY40; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5</span>）取出铸件，吹干。在实际生产中，为降低碱性熔剂的熔点和节约电能，常采用质量分数为85%NaOH质量分数15%NaCl<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: DY40; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span>的电解液。由于熔融的NaCl<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: DY40; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span>在电离出Na <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: DY40; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">+ </span>的同时还电离出 <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: DY40; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Cl-</span>，在 有水气存在的情况下，对电解槽壁有强烈的腐蚀作用，故不宜多加NaCl。OH-<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: DY40; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span>对铁有钝化作用，使钢制槽壁不易被腐蚀。</span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: DY40; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2.</span>电化学清砂的主要工艺参数 </span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: DY40; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1</span>）碱液温度400-460℃。 </span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: DY40; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span>）清砂时间一般为1.5-2h，视粘砂情况、铸件复杂程度及料筐中铸件数量而定。 </span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: DY40; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3</span>）直流电，电压 <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: DY40; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3-6V</span>，电流 <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: DY40; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1kA </span>以上。 </span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: DY40; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4</span>）空气中预冷时间一般为 <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: DY40; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5-10min</span>，视铸件壁厚及形状复杂程度而定。 </span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: DY40; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5</span>）冷水槽中的水应保持经常流动，及时去除冷却水中的残碱。 </span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: DY40; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">6</span>）热水槽中的水温应保持在80℃以上，铸件在热水槽中应浸泡30min<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: DY40; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">(</span>以上。 </span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 16px;">（<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: DY40; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">7</span>）电解槽的电流密度为300-350A/㎡。电流密度大，可缩短电化学清砂时间。</span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">三、电化学清砂设备 </span></strong></span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: DY40; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1. </span>电解槽为进行电化学反应的容器，由 <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: DY40; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">12-20mm</span>厚钢板焊成。其加热方法有外热 式和内热式两种。内热式加热元件易腐蚀损坏，故多采用外热式加热元件。电解槽接在 正极上，其内腔尺寸一般为1000mm*1000mm*1200mm。</span></section><section><br/><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 16px;">2.外热式热源为75kW<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: DY40; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span>井式电阻炉，带有控制柜。</span></section><section><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word
